Kukula kwa zida za China za China ndi zida zikukula
2022-09-30
Mu funde yatsopano ya kuphatikiza kwachuma, makampani opanga padziko lonse lapansi apititsa patsogolo kusinthidwa ku China, ndipo China idzayamba pang'onopang'ono kukhala maziko opanga anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Ubwino wowonekera wa Guangdong, makamaka wa Pearl Delta dera, lidzayamba kukhala malo ogulitsira apadziko lonse lapansi mkati mwa zaka 10. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chakuti China chatulutsa nkhunda pafupifupi US $ 1 biliyoni pachaka, momwemo, ndi akaunti yayikulu, ndi akaunti yayitali ya ambiri, kuyambiranso kwa malingaliro Zochepetsa kutumiza, kuchuluka kwa nkhungu zokwera kwambiri zotere ndi zida zolimba mu msika kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Wonjezani. M'tsogolomu, makampani ogulitsa a China ndi a Cnc nawonso adzakhala ena mwa abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Makampani ogulitsa tsiku lililonse a China alowa patsogolo pa dziko lapansi. Pakadali pano, osachepera 70% ya malonda ogulitsa China ndi bizinesi yapadera, yomwe ndi mphamvu yayikulu yopanga malonda a China. China chadzakhala dziko lalikulu la zitsulo ndi kunja kwa dziko lapansi, ndipo lakhala imodzi yopanga dziko lapansi la Hardere yomwe ili ndi msika waukulu komanso wogula. Sikovuta kudziwa mosamala kuti kukula kwa kudula zida za zida za China zam'madzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chizolowezi.
Choyamba onani pamsika wa chida: Kufunikira kwa zida zamanja za Germany zachuluka. Ku Germany, zida zotonthoza ndi zolimbika ndizodziwika kwambiri. Hanga Labwino ndi maonekedwe okongola omwe amathandizira kuthana ndi zida ndi zinthu zonse zofunika zomwe zimakopa kugula kwawo. Ponena za mitundu ya zida, zida zamagetsi tsopano zikukulirakulira. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zobwezeretsedwanso zatchuka kwambiri. Zida zatsopano zobwezeretsanso pakadali pano pamsika zimakhala ndi maasi angapo a batri omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsimikizo cha US kwakhazikika. Nthawi yomweyo kuti United States idawonjezera kuchuluka kwa nyumba zatsopano pamsika wanyumba kumapeto kwa chaka chatha, pamakhala nyumba zambiri zomwe zilipo zosagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa mwayi waukulu wokonzanso nyumba. Mtundu wagalimoto wamba komanso zaka zamagalimoto zikukulirakulira, zomwe zachita mbali ina polimbikitsa malonda a zogulitsa zamanja mu masitolo am'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, pamafunika mphamvu kuti muchepetse zida zamagetsi zoti agawire zinthu zamagetsi, makamaka zosintha zosinthika.
Makampani ogulitsa a Taiwan ali ndi zabwino zambiri mdziko lapansi chifukwa cha mtundu wake wokhazikika, kuperekera kwa nthawi, komanso magawo athunthu omwe angakumane ndi makasitomala. Kuphatikiza apo, kugulitsa dambo ndi zida zamanja za m'manja amalamuliridwa ndi msika wachilumba. Pakadali pano pali opanga pafupifupi 5,000 a komweko, omwe makamaka ali m'chipinda chapakati cha Taiwan Island. Malinga ndi kafukufuku woyenera, pankhani ya zida za anthu onse, makhomawo ndizambiri zotumiza kunja, kutsatiridwa ndi zida zamanja, lachitatu ndi lachinayi, ndipo mawolawo ali achisanu. Potengera mayiko otumiza kunja, United States inali yoyamba, kenako United Kingdom, Germany ndi Japan.
Kufunika kwa kudula zida padziko lapansi kudzakulabe. Malinga ndi malipoti, kufunikira kwa kudula zida padziko lapansi kumapitilirabe kukula. Mwa iwo, mayiko aku Norcean ndi North America akhala akukulirabe, makamaka ku Eastern Europe. Msika waku Asia wawona kuchira pang'ono. Msika uli ndi vuto lalikulu. Msika waku America ukukulira kwambiri, makamaka Mexico. Chaka chatha, kukula pang'onopang'ono pamsika wa chida kwachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chida komanso kufunika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kupempha njira zonse zopanga m'malo mwa zida ndi zida zambiri zamakina. Ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zolingana zambiri zachulukirachulukira, kutembenukiranso zida zambiri zosavuta zomwe kale ndi ntchito imodzi. Akatswiri akuneneratu kuti mtsogolomo, ogwiritsa ntchito adzatsikira kwambiri pakufufuza ndi chitukuko cha kudula zida zodulira, osati mu gawo lopanga ndi njira zopangira zida ndi njira zawo zopangira. Katswiri adati kuganizira zopanga zopanga kungathandize opanga amaluwa kumawonjezera mpikisano wawo m'malo omwe amadziwa bwino. Zosintha zaukadaulo. Chida cha chida, zida zida za kubereka pang'onopang'ono zimasinthira zida zazikulu kwambiri, makamaka zida zozungulira. Kugwiritsa ntchito madontho okhala ndi zigwa kukuyamba kwambiri. Ku Europe, msika wa zida zatsopano zodulira zamakina othamanga kwambiri amapitilirabe. Mphamvu za opanga. Poyerekeza ndi mgwirizano wa opanga zida, makampani ambiri amatuluka pamsika wapamwamba.
M'zaka khumi zapitazi, zomwe zimachitika pamsika wowuma unali wokhazikika. Pakadali pano, msika wapabanja umafunikira kwambiri nkhungu yayitali, koma nkhungu zapakhomo ziyenera kukwaniritsa zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito malinga ndi nthawi yabwino komanso yoperekera. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zapakhomo, magalimoto, ndi mafakitale a pulasitiki amafunikira nkhungu. Pa msika wapadziko lonse: M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndalama zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'maiko olemera zachulukira ndipo zikuyenda m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene, makamaka ku Southeast Asia. Kupanga Kwawo Pakhomo Pogwiritsa Ntchito Mafuta Osiyanasiyana, nkhungu zambiri zolimbikira zimadalira kunja kuti zithetse. Chifukwa chake, msika wapamwamba komanso wotsika mtengo wamanzere umatha. Malingana ngati mtundu wa nkhungu umatha kusintha, tsiku loperekera likhoza kutsimikizika, ndipo cholinga cha kunja kwa nkhungu chimakhala ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zimachitika pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi ziwalo zodetseka ndizofanana. Pakadali pano, China imangokhala ndi kutumiza kochepa kumangoko.
Zida zokwanira 11 biliyoni zomwe zidatumizidwa kunja ndizo zida zamakono komanso zoyenera. Mwa mabiliyoni 22 a Yuan wa ku Yuni mwamphamvu zopangidwa mwamphamvu, kokha za biliyoni yokha yun akupezeka kwa mipeni yapamwamba kwambiri, yowerengera 10% mpaka 15%, pomwe akaunti yakunja yogulitsa zida. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu azomwe amamwa. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti pomwe China yakhala msika wolonjeza kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, misika yayikulu yomalizidwa imakhala ndi makampani osiyanasiyana. Ili ndi vuto lalikulu. Mu 2011, msika wa chitsimikizo cham'nyumba chidasungidwa mwachangu ndipo akuyembekezeka kupanga mbiri yatsopano. Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti gawo loyamba la chitsimikizo cha chida cholowera chinakwaniritsa kukula kwa 25% mpaka 30%. Ngakhale kuti mtengo wokulirapo wakana kuyambira pa Julayi, amatha kukwanitsa 15% mpaka chaka chonse. Poyerekeza, msika wa chida chamalo wapadziko lonse wakhalanso wochiritsidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa, koma kuyerekezera kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa chaka cha pachaka kumangokhala pafupifupi 3% mpaka 5%. Pambuyo pa msika wapabanja wakwanitsa kukula mwachangu chaka chathachi, kumapitilira chaka chokhazikika. Kukula kwakukulu kuli pakati pa 10% ndi 15%. Chifukwa chake, chitsimikiziro cha chitsimikiziro cham'mimba chisonyezo chambiri chidzakhala choposa katatu kuposa msika wapadziko lonse.
